K / L / M / N / O / P / R / S / T / V / W

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Kammer, T.W. and F.J. Gahn. 2002. Primitive cladid crinoids from the early Osagean Burlington Limestone and the phylogenetics of Mississippian species of Cyathocrinites. Journal of Paleontology, in review.

Kammer, T.W. and N.G. Lane. 2002. Mississippian echinoderms of the U.S. Midcontinent. Carboniferous of the World, Volume IV. International Union of Geological Sciences, in press.

Kammer, T.W. 2001. Phenotypic bradytely in the Costalocrinus-Barycrinus lineage of Paleozoic cladid crinoids. Journal of Paleontology, 75:383-389.

Kammer, T.W. and A.M. Lake. 2001. Salinity ranges of Late Mississippian invertebrates of the central Appalachian basin. Southeastern Geology, 40:99-116.

Kerr, A.M. 2001. Phylogeny of Apodan Holothurians (Echinodermata) inferred from morphology. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 133(1):53-62.

Kerr, A.M., and J. Kim. 2001. Phylogeny of Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) inferred from morphology. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 133(1):63-81.

Alexander Kerr - Tree of Life Holothuroidea Web Page

http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/animals/echinodermata/holothuroidea/ holothuroidea.html

Kogo, I., and Y. Fujita. 2000. Three new species of the shallow-water comatulids from Okinawa Island, new records in Japan (Crinoidea: Comatulida). Bulletin of the Osaka Museum of Natural History, No. 54: 1-12.

Kogure,Y.,  and I.Hayashi. 1998. Bathymetric distribution pattern of echinoderms in the Sado Strait, the Japan Sea.  Bull. Japan Sea Natl. Fish. Res. Inst., 48: 1-16.

Kogure,Y. 1999. Echinoderms from the lowersublittoral zone on the northwestern coasts of Sado Island, the Japan Sea.  Bull. Japan Sea Natl. Fish. Res. Inst., 49: 57-67. (in Japanese with English abs).

Kroh, A. (in press). Echinoids from the Danian (Lower Paleocene) Bruderndorf Formation of Austria..  In: Piller, W.E. &  Rasser, M.W. (eds.): Paleogene in Austria.

Kumano, M., D.J. Carroll, J.M. Denu, and K.R. Foltz.  2000. Calcium-mediated inactivation of the MAP kinase pathway in sea urchin eggs at fertilization.  Developmental Biology, submitted.

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Lacalli, T.C. 2000. Larval budding, metamorphosis, and the evolution of lifehistory patterns in echinoderms. Invertebrate Biology, Vol. 119(2): 234-241

Lambert, P. 2000. Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound. UBC Press and Royal BC Museum, Vancouver and Victoria.

Lambert, P., and K.L. Oliver.  (submitted).  Pseudothyone levini, a new species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the northeastern Pacific. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.

Landeira-Fernandez, A.M., K.R.M. Aiello, R. Aquino,  L.C.F. Silva, and L. de Meis, and P. Mourao.  2000. A Sulfated Polysaccharide from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of sea cucumber smooth muscle is an endogenous inhibitor of the Ca2+ATPase. Glycobiology, 10(8):773-779.

Landeira-Fernandez, A.M. 2000. The Ca2+ATPase derived from sea cucumber smooth muscle is regulated by K+ and sulfated polysaccharides. (review paper)  Journal Experimental Biology.

Landeira-Fernandez, A.M., A. Galina,  P. Jennings, M. Montero-Lomeli, and L. de Meis. 2000. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase of sea cucumber smooth muscle: regulation by K+ and ATP.  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology.

Landeira-Fernandez, A.M., A. Galina, and L. de Meis. 2000. Catalytic activity and heat production by the Ca2+ATPase from sea cucumber (Ludwigothuria grisea) longitudinal smooth muscle: Modulation by monovalent cations. Journal Experimental Biology.

Lane, D.J.W., L.M. Marsh, D.VandenSpiegel, and F.W.E. Rowe.  2000. Echinoderm fauna of the South China Sea: an inventory and analysis of distribution patterns. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl.8: 459-493.

Lane, D.J.W. 1999.  A population survey of the 'rare' stichopodid sea cucumber, Thelenota rubralineata, off northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. In: Echinoderm Research 1998: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Echinoderms, Milan [Eds. MDC Carnevali & F Bonasoro], AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 499-503.

Lawrence, J., E. Bustos, S. Olave, and A. Lawrence. 1997.  Enhancement  of gonad  production  in the sea urchin Loxechinus  albus in Chile use food extruded feed.  J. Aquaculture Society, 91-96.

Lawrence, J.M. 2001. Function of eponymous structures in echinoderms. Can. J. Zool. 79:1251-1264.

Lawrence, J.M., C.Y. Tan. 2001. Test damage to the sand dollar Mellita tenuis on the Florida gulf coast. Gulf Mexico Sci. 19:50-54.

Levin, L.A., R.J. Etter, M.A. Rex, A.J. Gooday, C.R. Smith, J. Pineda, C.T. Stuart, R.R. Hessler, and D.L. Pawson. 2001. Environmental influences on regional deep-sea species diversity. Annual review of Ecology and Systematics Vol. 32. In Press.

Liao, Y., and D.L. Pawson. 2001. Dendrochirote and dactylochirote sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) of China, with descriptions of eight new species.  Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 114(1):58-90.

Litvinova N.M. The brittle stars from the genus Ophiomyces (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) Composition and Structure of  the Marine Bottom biota.VNIRO Publishing House, 2001. P.145-158.

Long. S., V. Morris and M. Byrne.  2000.  Seven Hox-type genes from the asterinid starfish Patiriella exigua.  Hydrobiologia, 420: 95-98.

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Magsino, R.M., M.A. Juinio-Meñez, and R.G. Ravago.  Development and application of molecular genetic markers for population structure analysis of the coral reef starfish, Linckia laevigata (Linn).  Science Diliman, (in press)

Mah, C.L. 2000. Preliminary Phylogeny of the Forcipulatacean Asteroidea. Amer. Zool., 40: 375-381.

Manso, C.L.C., and M.C.V. Farias. 1999. Ocorrência de ofiuróides no conteúdo gastrointestinal de "baiacu" ( Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Teleostei: Tetradontidae) no estuário do Rio Sergipe (Sergipe). Revista nordestina de Zoologia, 2(1): 35-37.

Marsh, L.M. 2000. Echinoderms of the Montebello Islands. In : Berry, P.F. & Wells, F.E., Survey of the Marine Fauna of the Montebello Islands, Western Australia and Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.  Records of the Western Australia Museum, Suppl. 59:21-27.

Marsh, L.M. 2000. Echinoderms of Christmas Island. In: Berry, P.F. & Wells, F.E., Survey of the Marine Fauna of the Montebello Islands, Western Australia and Christmas Island, Indian Ocean.  Records of the Western Australia Museum, Suppl. 59: 97-101.

Mashanov, V.S., and I.Yu. Dolmatov. 2001. Ultrastructure of the digestive tract in 5-month-old pentactulae of a holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Russian J. Marine Biol.

Mashanov, V.S., and I.Yu. Dolmatov. 2001. Ultrastructural peculiarities of gut regeneration in 5month old pentactulae of a holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota) after artificial transverse bisection. Russian J. Marine Biol.

Mashanov, V.S., and I.Yu. Dolmatov.  Regeneration of digestive tract in the pentactulae of the fareastern holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirota). Invertebrate Reprod. Develop. (in press).

Mashanov, V.S., and I.Yu. Dolmatov. 2000. Developmental morphology of a holothurian, Cucumaria japonica (Dendrochirota, Holothuroidea), a species with accelerated metamorphosis. Invertebrate Reprod. Develop., 37(2):137-146.

Massin, C., A. Mercier, and J.-F. Hamel.  2000. Ossicle change in Holothuria scabra with a discussion of ossicle evolution within the Holothuriidae (Echinodermata). Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 81:77-91.

Matsumoto, Midori, Masako Ikeda, and Motonori Hoshi.  Species-specificity of the acrosome reaction in starfish.  Zygote 8, (in press) .

Matsumoto, Midori, Annabelle V. Briones, Takuya Nishigaki, and Motonori Hoshi. 1999. Sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding precursors of starfish asterosaps.  Dev. Genetics, 25: 130-136.

Maubeuge, P.L., and G. Breton. 1999.  L'origine du type de Persephonaster? arduennensis Breton, 1997, étoile de mer jurassique. Bull. Trim. Soc. géol. Normandie et Amis Muséum du Havre, 86(1):39.

McClintock, J.B., B.J. Baker, C.D. Amsler, and T.L. Barlow. 2000. Chemotactic tubefoot responses of the spongivorous sea star Perknaster fuscus to organic extracts of sponges from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic Science, 12: 41-46

Messing, C.G., and C.M. White. (in press). A revision of the Zenometridae (new rank) (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulidina). Zoologica Scripta.

Messing, C.G., N. Ameziane, and M. Eleaume. 2000. Echinodermata Crinoidea: Comatulid crinoids of the KARUBAR Expedition to Indonesia: The families Comasteridae, Asterometridae, Calometridae and Thalassometridae. In : A. Crosnier (ed.), Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 21. Mémoires Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 184: 627-702. Paris.

Mitroviƒ-Petroviƒ, J. 1999. Cidarida fossilized with spines from Barremian-Aptian rocks of Stara Planina, Eastern Serbia. 123-133, Belgrade 1998, printed in 1999.

Mitroviƒ-Petroviƒ, J. 2000. Mesozoic Echinodermata of Stara Planina, Eastern Siberia. Annal. Geol. Penins. Balk., 63:71-89, Belgrade 1999.

Mitroviƒ-Petroviƒ, J.  2000. Fossil Echinoidea of Serbia. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Ser. Geol. V.A:47-50, 17-27, Belgrade 1992-98.

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Nakano, Tsuyoshi, Kenji Kontani, Hiroshi Kurosu, Toshiaki Katada, Motonori Hoshi, and Kazuyoshi Chiba.  1999.  GProtein bg subunit-dependent phosphorylation of 62kDa Protein in the early signaling pathway of starfish oocyte maturation induced by 1Methyladenine.  Dev. Biol., 209:200-209.

Nezuo, Maiko, Hidehiko Shogomori , Motonori Hoshi, Toshihiro Yamamoto, Tadashi Teshima, Tetsuo Shiba, and Kazuyoshi Chiba.  Developmental changes in localization of the main ganglioside during sea urchin embryogenesis. Glycobiology. (in press).

Nishigaki, Takuya, Kazuyoshi Chiba, and Motonori Hoshi.  2000.  A 130 kDa membrane protein of sperm flagella is the receptor for asterosaps, spermactivating peptides of starfish Asterias amurensis.   Dev. Biol., 219:154-162.

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Odintsova, N.A., and I.Yu. Dolmatov.  2000. Regenerated holoturian tissues as a source of cells for continuous cell lines. Abstracts of 5th International Biotechnology Conference. Australia.

Ogawa, C., T. Motokawa, H. Ishida, and A. Matsuno.  2000.  Glycerinated catch apparatus of sea urchin spine: the effects of cations on its mechanical properties and ultrastructure. Zool. Sci., 17: 603-608.

Oyen, C.W.,  and R.W. Portell.  2001.  Diversity patterns and biostratigraphy of Cenozoic echinoderms from Florida.  Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 166:193-218.

Oyen, C.W., K.B. Fountain, R.W. Portell, and G.H. McClellan. 2000. Occurrence of Plio-Pleistocene phosphatized macroinvertebrates from the upper west Florida slope, eastern Gulf of Mexico.  Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist., 42(5):219-252.

Oyen, C.W.  1998. Allometric heterochrony in Cenozoic mellitid echinoids (S.E. U.S.A.).  in  Echinoderms: San Francisco. (R. Mooi and M. Telford, eds),  A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 771-775.

Oyen, C.W., and R.W. Portell. 1996. A new species of Rhyncholampas (Echinoidea: Cassidulidae) from the Chipola Formation: The first confirmed member of the genus from the Miocene of the southeastern U.S.A. and Caribbean. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 29(2):59-66.

Oyen, C.W. 1995. Biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Eocene comatulid crinoids from Florida.  Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology. 27(14):153-164.

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Parsley, R.L. 2000. Morphological analysis of the Ordovician Ankyroid Lagyncystis (Stylophora:  Echinodermata). Journal of Paleontology, 74(2):254-262.

Parsley, R.L., R.J. Prokop, and K. Derstler. 2000. Kirkocystid ankyroids (Stylophora: Echinodermata) from the Sarka Formation (Ordovician) of Bohemia. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 75(1):37-48.

Pawson, D.L., D.J. Vance, and C. Ahearn. 2001. Western Atlantic sea cucumbers of the Order Molpadiida (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash., 10:311-327.

Pawson, D.L. 2001.  Mirror-image abnormalities (situs inversus viscerum) in echinoderms. Gulf of Mexico Science, December 2001 issue.

Pawson, D.L., and A. Kerr.  2001. Chitin in echinoderms? Tentacle sheaths in the deep-sea holothurian Ceraplectana trachyderma (Holothuroidea: Molpadiida). Gulf of Mexico Science, December 2001 issue.

Pawson, D.L., and R.J. Mooi. 2001. How many five-holed sand dollars live in the Western Atlantic? Gulf of Mexico Science, December 2001 issue.

Pawson, D.L., J.D. Gage, G.M. Belyaev, A. Mironov, and A. Smirnov. (in press). The deep-sea synaptid Protankyra brychia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) and its near-surface-dwelling planktotrophic larva, Auricularia nudibranchiata. Sarsia.

Pawson, D.L. (in press). A new species of bathyal elasipod sea cucumber from New Zealand (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research.

PeyrotClausade, M., P. Chabanet, C. Conand, M.F. Fontaine, Y. Letourneur, and  M. Harmelin-Vivien. 2000. Seaurchin and fish bioerosion on La Réunion and Moorea reefs. Bull. mar. sci 66(2): 477-485

Piepenburg, D., A. Brandt, K. v Juterzenka, M. Mayer, K. Schnack, D. Seiler, U. Witte, and M. Spindler. 2001. Patterns and determinants of the distribution and structure of benthic faunal assemblages in the northern North Atlantic.  In: Schäfer, P., W. Ritzrau, M. Schlüter, J. Thiede (eds), The northern North Atlantic: a changing environment. Springer, Berlin, pp. 177-198.

Piepenburg, D., M.K. Schmid, and D. Gerdes. (In press). The benthos off King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica): further evidence for a lack of a biomass cline in the Southern Ocean. Polar Biology.

Piepenburg, D. 2000. Arctic brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 38: 189-256.

Pinnegar, J.K., N.V.C. Polunin, P. Francour, F. Badalamenti, R. Chemello, M.L. Harmelin-Vivien, B. Hereu, M. Milazzo, M. Zabala, G. D'Anna, C. Pipitone. 2000. Trophic cascades in benthic marine ecosystems: lessons for fisheries and protectedarea management. Environmental Conservation, 27(2): 179-200.

Pomory, C.M., and M.T. Lares. 2000. Rate of regeneration of two arms in the field and its effect on body components in Luidia clathrata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 254: 211-220.

Pomory, C.M. (in press). An escape response behaviour in the brittle star Ophiopteris papillosa (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology.

Pomory, C.M., and Lawrence, J.M. (in press). Arm regeneration in the field in Ophiocoma echinata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): Effects on body compostion and its potential role in a reef food web. Marine Biology.

Portell, R.W., and C.W. Oyen. 2001.  Eocene Echinoids.  Florida Fossil Invertebrates, Part 1, p. 1-24.

Portell, R.W., and C.W. Oyen. 1997. Occurrence of the regular urchin Eucidaris from the Tamiami Formation (Pliocene) of Florida. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 30(2):99-104.

Poulin, É., and J.P. Féral. 2001. Consequences of brood protection in the diversity of Antarctic echinoids. In:  Concepts and methods for studying marine biodiversity, from gene to ecosystem, J.P. Féral (ed), European TMR / CNRS practical training course. Océanis, 24(4):159-188 (1998)

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Ramafofia, C. and M. Byrne.  2000.  Reproduction of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogilva in Solomon Islands.  Mar. Biol., 136: 1045-1056.

Rajpal, V., and  A.S. Thandar. 1999. Stolus kilberti, a new dendrochirotid species from the east coast of South Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) with a key to the genus Stolus Selenka. S. Afr. J. Zool., 34(3):130-134.

Rajpal, V., and  A.S. Thandar. 1998.  Neocucumis kilburni sp. nov. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Cucumariidae) from the east coast of South Africa, with a key of the genus Neocucumis. S. Afr. J. Zool., 33(4):195-199.

Russell, M.P. in press.  Spatial and temporal variation in growth of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, in the Gulf of Maine, USA.  Proceedings of the 10th International Echinoderm Conference.

Russell, M.P.,  and R.W. Meredith. 2000. Natural growth lines in echinoid ossicles are not reliable indicators of age: A test using Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis.  Invertebrate Biology, 19:410-420.

Russell, M.P. 2000. A tank-system design for the hatchery production of seaurchin larvae. In Proceedings of the Workshop on the Co-ordination of Green Sea Urchin Research in Atlantic Canada. June 1  2, 2000, Université  de Moncton. [ http://oursin/pdf/bert.pdf ]

Russell, M.P., T.A. Ebert and P. Petraitis. 1998. Field estimates of growth and mortality of the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. Ophelia, 48:137-153.

Russell, M.P. 1998. Resource allocation plasticity in sea urchins: rapid, diet induced, phenotypic changes in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (Müller).  Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 220:1-14.

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Schmid, H.P., Harzhauser, M., & Kroh, A. 2001. Hypoxic Events in a Middle Miocene Carbonate Platform of the Central Paratethys (Austria, Badenian, 14 Ma).  Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 102A: 1-50  Wien.

Schuetz, A.W.  2000.  Extrafollicular mediation of oocyte maturation by radial nerve factor in starfish Pisaster ochraceus.  Zygote 8 (November) :359-368.

Scouras, Andrea, and Michael J. Smith. 2000.  A novel mitochondrial gene order in the crinoid echinoderm, Florometra serratissima. submitted Genetics.

Seeling, J., W. SouzaLima, and C.L.C. Manso. 2000. Os fósseis da bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas. Os equinóides.  Phoenix, 21:1-3.

Selvakumaraswamy, P. and M. Byrne. 2000.  Vestigial ophiopluteal structures in the lecithotrophic ophiuroid Ophionereis schayeri.  Biol. Bull., 198: 379-386.

Selvakumaraswamy, P., and M. Byrne.  2000.  Reproduction, spawning and development in 5 ophiuroids from Australia and New Zealand.  Invert. Biol. (in press).

Shilling, F.M., D.J. Carroll, A.J. Muslin,  J.A. Escobedo, J.T. Williams, and L.A. Jaffe. 1994. Evidence for both tyrosine kinase and Gproteincoupled pathways leading to starfish egg activation. Dev. Biol., 162:590-599.

Shilling, F.M., and D.J. Carroll.  1996. Signal transduction during fertilization: studies with proteases and heterologous receptors.  Proceedings of 7th International Congress of Invertebrate Reproduction, Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 30:109-115.

Shukaluk, A.I., and I.Yu. Dolmatov.  2001. Regeneration of the digestive tube in holothurian Stichopus japonicus after evisceration. Russian J. Marine Biol.

Smith, A.B. 1998. What does palaeontology contribute to systematics in a molecular world?  Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9:437-447.

Smith, A.B. 1999. Dating the origin of metazoan body plans. Evolution and Development 1, 1-5.

Smith, A.B.,  and  L. Anzalone. 2000. Loriolella, a key taxon for understanding the early evolution of irregular echinoids. Palaeontology, 43:303-324.

Smith, A.B., J. Gallemi,  C.H. Jeffery, G. Ernst, and P.D. Ward. 1999.  Late Cretaceous  early Tertiary echinoids from northern Spain: implications for the Cretaceous  Tertiary extinction event.  Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London (Geology), 55(2):81-137.

Smith, A.B., and C.H. Jeffery. 1998.  Selectivity of extinction among seaurchins at the end Cretaceous period.  Nature 392: 69-71.

Smith, A.B., and C.H. Jeffery. 2000. Maastrichtian and Palaeocene echinoids: a key to world faunas.  Special Papers in Palaeontology, 63:1-406.

Smith, A.B., and C.H. Jeffery. 2000. Changes in diversity, taxic composition and lifehistory patterns of echinoids over the past 145 million years. Pp. 181-194 in S.J. Culver & P.F. Rawson (eds) Biotic response to global change. The last 145 million years. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 501 pp.

Smith, A.B., and P. Jell. 1999. A new cornute carpoid from the Upper Cambrian (Idamdean) of Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 43:341-352.

Smith, A.B., and C.W. Wright. 1999.  British Cretaceous echinoids. Part 5, Holectypoida, Echinoneoida.  Palaeontographical Society Monographs p. 343390, pls 115-129.

Souza-Lima, W., and C.L.C. Manso. 2000. Os fósseis da bacia de SergipeAlagoas. Crinóides e Asteróides.  Phoenix, 22: 1-2.

Spirina, I.S., and I.Yu. Dolmatov. 2001. The structure of the respiratory trees in the holothurians Apostichopus japonicus and Cucumaria japonica. Russian J. Marine Biol. (in press).

Stewart, B. 2000.  Anatomical features of the euryalid snake star Astrobrachion constrictum (Ophiuroidea: Asteroschematidae). Invertebrate Biology, Vol. 119(2): 222-233.

Stickle, W.B., E.H. Weidner, and E.N. Kozloff. 2000.  Parasitism of Leptasterias spp. by the ciliated protozoan Orchitophrya stellarum. Invertebrate Zoology (in press).

Su, X., S. Kamat, and A.H. Heuer. 2000. The structure of sea urchin spines, large biogenic single crystals of calcite. Journal of Materials Science, 35: 5545-5551.

Summesberger, H., M. Wagreich, K.A. Tröger, and J.W.M. Jagt. 1999. Integrated biostratigraphy of the Santonian/Campanian Gosau Group of the Gams Area (Late Cretaceous; Styria, Austria). Beiträge zur Paläontologie, 24: 155-205, pls 1-12.

Sutcliffe, O.E., W.H. Südkamp, and R.P.S. Jefferies.  2000. Ichnological evidence on the behaviour of mitrates - two trails associated with the Devonian mitrate Rhenocystis.  Lethaia, 33:1-12.

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Tahera, Qaseem. 2001. Echinoderms epizoic on gorgonian corals from Karachi coast. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(9):1177-1179.

Tahera, Qaseem. 2001. Echinoderms epizoic on gorgonian corals from Karachi coast. Online. jour. Biol. sciences, 1(4); Tahera,Q2001

Tan, C.Y., and J.M. Lawrence. 2001. Age determination in the sand dollar Mellita tenuis. Gulf Mexico Sci. 19:43-49.

Thandar, A.S. 1998. A new genus and three new species of deep sea holothuroids from the west coast of South Africa (Echinodermata).  J. Zool. Lond, 244:79-88.

Thandar, A.S., and V. Rajpal. 1999. Thyone herberti, a new Dendrochirotid species from the east coast of South Africa (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea).  J. Zool. Lond., 248:189-193.

Thandar, A.S. 1999. Deep-sea holothuroids taken by the R.V. Africana II in 1959, from off  the west coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 105(9):363-409.

Thandar, A.S. 2001. In press. The holothuroid family Rhopalodinidae - its composition, distribution, phylogeny and taxonomic status. African Zoology.

Torres, M., D. Gil, and P. Domínguez. 1999.  Stable multimodal fivefold patterns in crinoids and echinoids: a general mathematical approach. In: Echinoderms research 1998, Candia Carnevali and Bonasoro (Eds.). A. A. Balkema. Rotterdam.193-196. ISBN 9058091023.

Torres, M., M. Gil, and P. Domínguez. 1999.  Patrones multimodales estables con simetría pentámera: el caso de los Crinoideos Rhodocrinítidos. Coloquios de Paleontología, 117-125. ISSN: 11321660.

Tyler, P.A., Young, C.M. and Clarke, A. (2000) Temperature and pressure tolerances of embryos and larvae of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): potential for deep-sea invasion from high latitudes.  Marine Ecology Progress Series, 192: 173-180.

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Vadet A.  1999.  Révision des Échinides de Saint Cassian.  Mem. Soc. Acad. Boul. Tome 20. p. 1-116 , 170 fig. in texte.

Vadet A.  1999.  La Classification des oursins réguliers du Lias et du Jura.  Bull. Soc. Acad. Boul. Tome 4, fascicule 3. p. 70-83 , 14 fig. in texte.

Vadet A.  1999.  Les Echinides de la Sarthe : supplément. Bull. Soc. Acad. Boul. Tome 4, fascicule 3. p. 84-92 , 13 fig. in texte.

Vadet A.  2000. Un Salenioida primitif dans le Kimmeridgien de l'Ain.   Bull. Soc. Acad. Boul. Tome 4, fascicule 4. p. 93-97 , 4 fig. in texte. pl. 1

Vadet A., and P. Nicolleau .  2000. Glypticus burgundiacus : un Arbacioida jurassique.  Bull. Soc. Acad. Boul. Tome 4, fascicule 4. p. 98-106 , 13 fig. in texte. pl. 2

Vadet A., and P. Nicolleau. 2000. Un Acrocidaris nouveau dans le Callovien du Portugal.  Bull. Soc. Acad. Boul. Tome 4, fascicule 4. p. 107-109 , 5 fig. in texte. pl. 34

Vadet A., R. Ederlé, and P. Nicolleau. 2000.  Les Oursins du Bathonien de l'Yonne.  Bull. Soc. Acad. Boul. Tome 4, fascicule 4. p. 109-128 , 52 fig. in texte. pl. 5 à 16.

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